Wool care guide: how to properly wash, dry, and maintain wool fabrics

Wool is one of nature’s finest fabrics, prized for its warmth, softness, and versatility. Whether you’re caring for a wool sweater, scarf, or blanket, it’s important to know how to clean and maintain wool properly. Wool fibers are delicate and can shrink or become damaged if handled incorrectly, but with the right care, your wool garments can last for years.

This guide covers everything you need to know about washing, drying, and storing wool to ensure your garments stay in excellent condition. For high-quality wool products that are easy to care for, check out our Cigogne essentials.

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Understanding Wool Fabrics

Wool comes from the fleece of sheep and other animals such as alpacas and goats. It’s a natural, biodegradable fiber known for its softness, warmth, and moisture-wicking properties. Wool is highly versatile and is used in a variety of products, including sweaters, coats, scarves, and blankets.

Wool fibers have a natural elasticity, which helps garments maintain their shape. However, they are also prone to shrinking when exposed to heat and agitation, which is why wool requires special care when washing and drying.

There are different types of wool, including merino, cashmere, and lambswool, each with its own characteristics. Regardless of the type, following proper care guidelines is essential for maintaining the softness, shape, and durability of your wool garments.

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How to Wash Wool Fabrics

Wool can be machine washed or hand washed, depending on the garment and the care instructions. Always check the care label on your wool item before washing. Some wool garments are labeled as “dry clean only,” while others may be suitable for hand or machine washing.

Machine Washing Wool:

1. Use a wool-specific detergent: Wool fibers are delicate, so it’s important to use a mild detergent designed for wool. Regular laundry detergents can be too harsh and may cause the fibers to break down.

2. Select a gentle cycle: When machine washing wool, choose the gentlest cycle on your washing machine, such as the wool or delicate cycle. These cycles are designed to minimize agitation and prevent damage to the fibers.

3. Cold or lukewarm water: Wool should be washed in cold or lukewarm water, as hot water can cause shrinkage. Never use hot water when washing wool garments, as it can lead to irreversible damage.

4. Use a mesh laundry bag: To protect your wool garments during the wash, place them in a mesh laundry bag. This helps prevent stretching or snagging during the wash cycle.

5. Avoid fabric softener: Wool doesn’t need fabric softener, as it is naturally soft. Fabric softeners can coat the wool fibers and reduce their ability to regulate temperature and moisture.

6. Do not wring or twist: Wool is prone to losing its shape when stretched, so avoid wringing or twisting wool garments after washing. Instead, gently press out excess water with your hands.

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Hand Washing Wool

For delicate wool garments or items with a “hand wash only” label, hand washing is the safest method. Here’s how to hand wash wool garments:

1. Fill a basin with cool water: Fill a basin or sink with cool or lukewarm water. Add a small amount of wool detergent and mix it into the water.

2. Submerge the garment: Gently submerge the wool garment in the water and let it soak for 5–10 minutes. Avoid scrubbing or agitating the fabric, as this can cause the fibers to felt or shrink.

3. Gently swish the garment: After soaking, gently swish the garment around in the water to remove dirt and oils. Be careful not to stretch or distort the fabric.

4. Rinse thoroughly: Drain the soapy water and refill the basin with clean, cool water. Rinse the garment thoroughly to remove any detergent residue.

5. Press out excess water: After rinsing, press the water out of the garment by gently pressing it against the sides of the basin. Do not wring or twist the fabric, as this can cause it to lose shape.

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How to Dry Wool Garments

Drying wool properly is essential to prevent shrinkage and maintain the fabric’s shape. Wool is highly absorbent, so it may take longer to dry than other fabrics.

1. Lay flat to dry: Wool garments should always be laid flat to dry. Place the item on a clean, dry towel and gently reshape it while it’s still damp. Roll the towel with the garment inside to remove excess water, then lay the garment on a flat surface to dry completely. Avoid hanging wool garments to dry, as this can cause stretching.

2. Avoid direct heat: Wool should never be dried in a dryer or exposed to direct heat sources such as radiators or heaters. High heat can cause wool to shrink or become damaged. Instead, air dry your wool garments in a cool, well-ventilated area.

3. Dry in the shade: When drying wool garments, avoid direct sunlight, as UV rays can cause the fibers to weaken or fade. Dry your wool items in a shaded area to preserve their color and texture.

4. Avoid over-drying: Wool garments should be removed from the drying area once they are fully dry. Over-drying wool can make the fibers brittle and more prone to damage.

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How to Remove Wrinkles from Wool

Wool garments are naturally wrinkle-resistant, but if wrinkles do appear, they can be removed with the right techniques.

1. Steam instead of iron: Wool responds well to steam, so steaming is the best way to remove wrinkles from wool garments. Use a handheld steamer or the steam function on your iron to gently relax the fibers and smooth out wrinkles.

2. Iron on low heat: If you need to use an iron, set it to the wool or low heat setting. Place a clean, damp cloth between the iron and the garment to protect the fabric. Gently press the iron without dragging it across the fabric.

3. Hang in the bathroom: For minor wrinkles, you can hang your wool garment in the bathroom while taking a hot shower. The steam from the shower will help to release the wrinkles naturally.

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Storing Wool Garments

Proper storage is key to keeping wool garments in good condition during the off-season. Wool is a natural fiber that can attract moths and pests if not stored properly.

1. Clean before storing: Always clean your wool garments before storing them. Moths are attracted to natural fibers and the oils left behind by skin, so storing clean items reduces the risk of moth damage.

2. Store in a cool, dry place: Wool should be stored in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight. A closet or drawer works well, but make sure the area is well-ventilated to prevent moisture buildup.

3. Use airtight containers: For long-term storage, consider storing wool garments in airtight containers or garment bags. This helps protect them from dust, pests, and moisture.

4. Avoid hanging: Avoid hanging heavy wool items like sweaters, as this can cause the fabric to stretch. Instead, fold your wool garments neatly and store them flat.

5. Use cedar or lavender: To deter moths, place cedar blocks or lavender sachets in your storage area. These natural repellents will help protect your wool garments from pests without the use of harsh chemicals.

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Preventing Shrinkage in Wool

Wool is prone to shrinking if exposed to heat or agitation. To prevent shrinkage, follow these tips:

1. Use cold water: Always wash wool in cold or lukewarm water. Hot water is the most common cause of shrinkage in wool garments.

2. Avoid excessive agitation: Wool fibers can shrink and felt when agitated too much during washing. Use a gentle cycle or hand wash to minimize movement.

3. Air dry: Dry wool garments flat in a cool, shaded area. Never put wool in the dryer, as the high heat can cause it to shrink.

4. Choose wool-safe detergents: Use a detergent specifically formulated for wool to protect the fibers and prevent shrinkage.

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Common Mistakes to Avoid When Caring for Wool

To keep your wool garments in excellent condition, avoid these common mistakes:

1. Using hot water: Hot water can cause wool fibers to shrink and become damaged. Always wash wool in cool or lukewarm water.

2. Using regular detergent: Regular laundry detergents can be too harsh for wool fibers. Use a mild detergent designed for wool care.

3. Wringing wool garments: Wringing or twisting wool garments can cause them to lose their shape. Gently press out excess water instead.

4. Using the dryer: High heat can cause wool to shrink, so always air dry your wool garments flat.

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FAQs

Can wool be machine washed?
Yes, but only on a gentle cycle using cold water and a wool-specific detergent. Always check the care label before machine washing wool.

Does wool shrink when washed?
Wool can shrink if exposed to hot water or high heat. To prevent shrinkage, wash wool in cold water and air dry it flat.

How do you remove wrinkles from wool?
The best way to remove wrinkles from wool is by using steam. You can use a steamer or the steam function on your iron with a protective cloth.

Can you use fabric softener on wool?
No, wool is naturally soft and doesn’t need fabric softener. In fact, fabric softeners can coat the fibers and reduce their natural ability to regulate temperature.